Experiments with microwaves - Laptörténet

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 18:53-n

2018-07-10T18:53:17Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 18:52-n

2018-07-10T18:52:26Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 18:39-n

2018-07-10T18:39:12Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 18:14-n

2018-07-10T18:14:19Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 17:00-n

2018-07-10T17:00:45Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 16:55-n

2018-07-10T16:55:12Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 16:51-n

2018-07-10T16:51:59Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 16:29-n

2018-07-10T16:29:01Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 16:26-n

2018-07-10T16:26:30Z

Kszasz, 2018. július 10., 16:25-n

2018-07-10T16:25:09Z

@@ 212. sor: / 212. sor: @@
 # Generate standing waves, and measure the wavelength of the applied microwave. Calculate the frequency of the wave (wave of propagation is given). Accomplish the measurement using two different settings.
-==Safty informations==
+==Important safety informations==
-−
-'''Important'''
 '''Since the reflection of microwaves by any other objects near effects the measurement, remove every unused obejct from the table (especially metallic objects).'''

←Régebbi változat		A lap 2018. július 10., 18:52-kori változata
212. sor:		212. sor:
	# Generate standing waves, and measure the wavelength of the applied microwave. Calculate the frequency of the wave (wave of propagation is given). Accomplish the measurement using two different settings.		# Generate standing waves, and measure the wavelength of the applied microwave. Calculate the frequency of the wave (wave of propagation is given). Accomplish the measurement using two different settings.

		+	==Safty informations==

		+	'''Important'''

		+	'''Since the reflection of microwaves by any other objects near effects the measurement, remove every unused obejct from the table (especially metallic objects).'''
		+	'''Microwaves are reflected by the human body, as well. Never be in a position which reflects the waves coming from the transmitter to the receiver. The best option is when the measurement is done standing behind the plane of the funnel of the receiver.'''
		+	'''Although, the power of the transmitter is well below the permitted safety value, never look into the funnel of the transmitter directly when it is turned on.'''
		+	'''It may happen (but not likely) that the microwaves disturb the operation of some medical devices (for example pacemaker). If you use this kind of devices, please tell it to the instructor.'''


	</wlatex>		</wlatex>

@@ 201. sor: / 201. sor: @@
 # Place the transmitter opposite to the receiver in the same direction of polarization (0° on the backs of the instruments, longitudinal axes of funnels are horizontal.) Then rotate the receiver about its horizontal axis and measure how the intensity depends on the angle of the direction of the receiver (from 0° to 180°, using 10° steps). Interpret the results. In case of vertical polarization of the transmitter and the receiver (0°) place the metal grid polarizer with horizontal slit position between the transmitter and the receiver, and by rotating the receiver measure the angle dependence of the intensity. Repeat the measurement when the angle between the slits of the polarizer and the horizontal is  22,5°, 45°, 67,5° and 90°. Interpret the results. Place the transmitter and the receiver in a way that their direction of polarization is perpendicular to each other. Measure the intensity without the metal grid polarizer, then place the metal grid polarizer, and measure the intensity when the slits of the polarizer is horizontal, vertical, and at 45° with the horizontal. Interpret the results.
 # Assemble the setup for measuring double slit diffraction using narrow slit spacer, and 1,5 cm slit size. Place the transmitter opposite to the receiver using vertical polarization (0°). Then by rotating the arm of the goniometer holding the receiver measure and plot how the intensity depends on the angle (between 0° and 85° using 5° steps). Verify eqs. [[#eq:11|(11)]], [[#eq:12|(12)]] (calculate the wavelength from the frequency given on the transmitter) and interpret the differences. Repeat the measurement using wide slit spacer (place the receiver at 1.5 times larger distance from the slit). Accomplish the measurement using single slit of 7 cm slit size and verify eq. [[#eq:11|(11)]].
 </wlatex>

@@ 155. sor: / 155. sor: @@
 ===Diffraction of slit===
-Diffraction can be examined by using single slit and double slit according to setups in [[#fig:16|Fig. 11a]] and [[#fig:17|Fig. 11b]]. In case of double slit set 1.5 cm slit size, in case of single slit remove the middle wall and use ~7 cm slit size.
+Diffraction can be examined by using single slit and double slit according to setups in [[#fig:16|Fig. 11a]] and [[#fig:17|Fig. 11b]]. In case of double slit set 1.5 cm slit size, in case of single slit remove the middle slit spacer and use ~7 cm slit size.
 {|
-|<span id="fig:16">[[Fájl:Mikrohulla 5556i.jpg|bélyegkép|250px|bal|Fig. 11a: Diffraction on double slit using wide middle wall]]</span>
+|<span id="fig:16">[[Fájl:Mikrohulla 5556i.jpg|bélyegkép|250px|bal|Fig. 11a: Diffraction on double slit using wide slit spacer]]</span>
-|<span id="fig:17">[[Fájl:Mikrohulla 5557i.jpg|bélyegkép|250px|közép|Fig. 11b: Diffraction on double slit using narrow middle wall]]</span>
+|<span id="fig:17">[[Fájl:Mikrohulla 5557i.jpg|bélyegkép|250px|közép|Fig. 11b: Diffraction on double slit using narrow slit spacer]]</span>
 |}
@@ 199. sor: / 199. sor: @@
 # By using prism container determine the refraction index of styrene balls relative to air and the speed of wave in this medium.
-# Place the transmitter opposite to the receiver in the same direction of polarization (0° on the backs of the instruments, longitudinal axes of funnels are horizontal.) Then rotate the receiver about its horizontal axis and measure how the intensity depends on the angle of the direction of the receiver (from 0° to 180°, by 10° steps). Interpret the results. In case of vertical polarization of the transmitter and the receiver (0°) place the metal grid polarizer with horizontal slit position between the transmitter and the receiver, and by rotating the receiver measure the angle dependence of the intensity. Repeat the measurement when the angle between the slits of the polarizer and the horizontal is  22,5°, 45°, 67,5° and 90°. Interpret the results. Place the transmitter and the receiver in a way that their direction of polarization is perpendicular to each other. Measure the intensity without the metal grid polarizer, then place the metal grid polarizer, and measure the intensity when the slits of the polarizer is horizontal, vertical, and at 45° with the horizontal. Interpret the results.
+# Place the transmitter opposite to the receiver in the same direction of polarization (0° on the backs of the instruments, longitudinal axes of funnels are horizontal.) Then rotate the receiver about its horizontal axis and measure how the intensity depends on the angle of the direction of the receiver (from 0° to 180°, using 10° steps). Interpret the results. In case of vertical polarization of the transmitter and the receiver (0°) place the metal grid polarizer with horizontal slit position between the transmitter and the receiver, and by rotating the receiver measure the angle dependence of the intensity. Repeat the measurement when the angle between the slits of the polarizer and the horizontal is  22,5°, 45°, 67,5° and 90°. Interpret the results. Place the transmitter and the receiver in a way that their direction of polarization is perpendicular to each other. Measure the intensity without the metal grid polarizer, then place the metal grid polarizer, and measure the intensity when the slits of the polarizer is horizontal, vertical, and at 45° with the horizontal. Interpret the results.
+# Assemble the setup for measuring double slit diffraction using narrow slit spacer, and 1,5 cm slit size. Place the transmitter opposite to the receiver using vertical polarization (0°). Then by rotating the arm of the goniometer holding the receiver measure and plot how the intensity depends on the angle (between 0° and 85° using 5° steps). Verify eqs. [[#eq:11|(11)]], [[#eq:12|(12)]] (calculate the wavelength from the frequency given on the transmitter) and interpret the differences. Repeat the measurement using wide slit spacer (place the receiver at 1.5 times larger distance from the slit). Accomplish the measurement using single slit of 7 cm slit size and verify eq. [[#eq:11|(11)]].
 </wlatex>

@@ 174. sor: / 174. sor: @@
 ===Michelson interferometer===
-<span id="fig:20">[[Fájl:Mikrohulla 5566i.jpg|bélyegkép|300px|jobb|Fig. 13: Michelson interferometer. Transmitter is on the front right, mirror A is in the rear middle, mirror B is on the rear right, semipermeable mirror (C) is in the middle, receiver on the left]]</span>
+<span id="fig:20">[[Fájl:Mikrohulla 5566i.jpg|bélyegkép|300px|jobb|Fig. 13: Michelson interferometer. Transmitter is on the front right, mirror A is in the rear middle, mirror B is on the rear right, partial reflecting mirror (C) is in the middle, receiver on the left]]</span>
 The sketch of the interferometer, which is useful for measuring wavelength and displacement, can be seen in [[#fig:20|Fig. 13]]. Similarly to Lloyd's mirror, wave coming from a source is divided into two parts, and they are guided in different paths then meet. At the meeting point the waves interfere, and the result (constructive or destructive interference) depends on the difference of the guided paths. In the figure a part of the wave coming from the transmitter is reflected by mirror C to mirror B, the other part goes through mirror C to mirror A. Then a part of the wave reflected by mirror B traveling through mirror C and a part of the wave reflected by mirror A being reflected by mirror C go into the receiver which detects signal according to the interference of two waves. The path difference is the difference of distances 2$\cdot$BC and 2$\cdot$AC.
@@ 200. sor: / 200. sor: @@
 # By using prism container determine the refraction index of styrene balls relative to air and the speed of wave in this medium.
 # Place the transmitter opposite to the receiver in the same direction of polarization (0° on the backs of the instruments, longitudinal axes of funnels are horizontal.) Then rotate the receiver about its horizontal axis and measure how the intensity depends on the angle of the direction of the receiver (from 0° to 180°, by 10° steps). Interpret the results. In case of vertical polarization of the transmitter and the receiver (0°) place the metal grid polarizer with horizontal slit position between the transmitter and the receiver, and by rotating the receiver measure the angle dependence of the intensity. Repeat the measurement when the angle between the slits of the polarizer and the horizontal is  22,5°, 45°, 67,5° and 90°. Interpret the results. Place the transmitter and the receiver in a way that their direction of polarization is perpendicular to each other. Measure the intensity without the metal grid polarizer, then place the metal grid polarizer, and measure the intensity when the slits of the polarizer is horizontal, vertical, and at 45° with the horizontal. Interpret the results.
+#Állítsa össze a kettős résen történő elhajlásmérés elrendezését a keskeny résközzel [[#eq:10|(10)]] , $1,5 cm$-es résmérettel. Állítsa az adót és a vevőt egymással szembe, függőleges polarizációjú állásba (0°). Ezután a vevőt tartó goniométer-kart a vevővel együtt forgatva mérje ki és ábrázolja az intenzitás szögfüggését (5°-onként 0° és 85° között). Ellenőrizze a [[#eq:11|(11)]] - [[#eq:12|(12)]] összefüggéseket (a hullámhosszt számolja ki az adó egységen feltüntetett frekvenciából), és értelmezze az eltéréseket. A mérést ismételje meg a széles résközzel [[#eq:11|(11)]] is (ekkor a vevőt állítsa kb. $1,5$-szeres távolságba a réstől). Végezze el a mérést egyetlen réssel is $7 cm$-es résmérettel és ellenőrizze a [[#eq:11|(11)]] összefüggést.
-−
 </wlatex>

←Régebbi változat		A lap 2018. július 10., 16:29-kori változata
197. sor:		197. sor:

	==Measuring tasks==		==Measuring tasks==
		+
		+	# By using prism container determine the refraction index of styrene balls relative to air and the speed of wave in this medium.
		+
		+
		+
		+
		+

	</wlatex>		</wlatex>

@@ 196. sor: / 196. sor: @@
 |}
+==Measuring tasks==
 </wlatex>

@@ 183. sor: / 183. sor: @@
 <span id="fig:21">[[Fájl:Mikrohulla 5549i.jpg|bélyegkép|250px|jobb|Fig. 14: Measuring of Brewster's angle on polyethylene panel]]</span>
-Accomplish the measurement according to the sketch seen in [[#fig:21|Fig. 14]]. Set horizontal polarization for the transmitter and for the receiver (90° on the scale of their backs), rotate the polyethylene panel until the angle of incidence of the wave coming from the transmitter is about 20°. By rotating the arm of the goniometer holding the receiver find the wave reflected by the panel (maximum intensity), and record the measured intensity. In this position repeat the measurement with transmitter and receiver of vertical polarization (rotate them into 0°). Repeat this exercise with more different angle of incident. In case of Brewster's angle the vertically polarized wave is not reflected since the horizontal panel acts as a horizontal polarizator for the reflected wave.
+Accomplish the measurement according to the sketch seen in [[#fig:21|Fig. 14]]. Set horizontal polarization for the transmitter and for the receiver (90° on the scale of their backs), rotate the polyethylene panel until the angle of incidence of the wave coming from the transmitter is about 20°. By rotating the arm of the goniometer holding the receiver find the wave reflected by the panel (maximum intensity), and record the measured intensity. In this position repeat the measurement with transmitter and receiver of vertical polarization (rotate them into 0°). Repeat this exercise with more different angle of incident. In case of Brewster's angle the horizontally polarized wave is not reflected since the vertical panel acts as a vertical polarizator for the reflected wave.
 </wlatex>