Experiments with microwaves

Aim of the experiment

• To deepen the knowledge related to wave phenomena,
• To verify the relationships in wave physics experimentally,
• To model phenomena and devices in wave optics.

For the purpose:

• We summarize the basic knowledge on wave phenomena,
• We examine reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction of microwaves,
• We assemble some experimental setups (which are also useful in optics) based on interference of waves, and measure the wavelength of the used microwave.
  

Theoretical summary

In the experiment we use microwaves to study wave phenomena. Microwaves - as well as light - are electromagnetic waves of wavelength about 1 mm - 30 cm (correspondingly, the frequency of microwaves is $\setbox0\hbox{$ 10^{9} - 3 \cdot 10^{11}\ \text{Hz} $}% \message{//depth:\the\dp0//}% \box0%$).

Polarization of waves

Fig. 1: Reflection and refraction of waves

In a transversal wave the vector related to the changing quantity is in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation but within this plane its direction is arbitrary.