A nanofizika alapjai

Fundamentals of Nanophysics

Syllabus

The building blocks of nowadays electronic devices have already reached a few tens on nanometers sizes, and further miniaturization requires the introduction of novel technologies. At such small length-scales the coherent behavior and the interaction of electrons, together with the atomic granularity of matter induce several striking phenomena, that are not observed at the macroscopic scale. The course gives an introduction to a broad set of nanoscale phenomena following the topics bellow:

• Introduction, characteristic length-scales. Development of semiconductor industry, heterostructures, two dimensional electron gas systems, nanoscale fabrication techniques.

• Nanowires. Diffusive and ballistic nanowires, quantum wires, Landauer description of mesoscopic transport, conductance quantization. Concept an measurement of four probe resistance in a quantum wire. Parallel quantum wires.

• Interference phenomena in nanocircuits. Coherent and incoherent serial connection of scattering centers. Mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm effect, Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak oscillations. Decoherence due to the interaction with the environment. Conductane fluctuations and weak localization.

• Noise as the signal: shot noise in quantum point contacts, charge measurement, classical and quantum chaos, Hanbury Brown & Twiss experiments with electrons.

• Spintronics, spin valve, spin torque, spin decoherence, spin injection, nonlocal measurements.

• Quantized Hall effect

• Quantum dots and applications, artificial atoms, spin qubits.

• Carbon nanostructures, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes.

Literature

• S. Datta: Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
• T. Ihn: Semiconducting nanosctructures, Oxford University Press, 2010.
• Y.V. Nazarov, Y.M. Blanter: Quantum Transport: Introduction to Nanoscience, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
• Nanofizika tudásbázis